AIDS In The Workplace Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

AIDS In The Workplace - Essay Example For the past two centuries, countless citizens in these United States, from every race, background and persuasion, have reposed their faith on these words to secure for them the basic rights they are entitled to. Even while this statement calls the truth of men’s equality â€Å"self-evident,† succeeding generations of racial minorities and economic classes have had to struggle to lay claim this right. The significance and interpretation of the very phrase â€Å"all men are created equal† has repeatedly been called into question – apparently, it was not as â€Å"self-evident† as the founding Fathers had initially envisioned it to be. For instance, more than one and a half centuries after the Declaration of Independence, people of color were taken to be less than and even property of the white man, and new immigrants were regarded with disdain compared to native-born Americans, although the privileged native-born Americans were understood not to include native indigeneous Americans. This is not to mention the stereotypes attached to the male and female genders, the religious faithful, and levels of education – particularly those reared in private or iv y-league schools as against the public schools. But these were the first two centuries of American nationhood. In the twenty-first century, it seems such issues have been repeatedly put to the test by judicial pronouncements and legal statutes. There is a special case, however, wherein discrimination is still a stinging issue. These are in the matter of persons with physical disabilities in the workplace. Those with genetic and natural disabilities already contend with the prejudice that they could not perform as well as able-bodied individuals, which, to be frank, may be true in some occupations. The chicken-and-egg dilemma of disabilities in the workplace is that if disabled people are considered equal, it means they should enjoy no special favors, else it is the able-bodied who are discriminated

Love as Joyous Essay Example for Free

Love as Joyous Essay Both Plath and the Metaphysical Poets show love as joyous by suggesting a strong physical intimacy between themselves and their lovers. Donne, known for his hedonistic ways tried to seduce his lady in the poem To his mistress going to bed by relating her undressing to a holy analogy. Hallowed temple heaven paradise Angels gives a sense of purity about the relationship and emphasises the innocence in that the love they are about to share is purely between them. Along with this, in order to fortify the intimacy felt during love making Donne uses polysemic terms such as My mine of precious stones which not only displays mine as a first person possessive pronoun- perhaps showing pride in the possession he has over his mistress- but also the mine that is her genitals- the new land he is yet to discover. Similarly Plath uses polysemantic terms as a way of showing the exclusivity in her relationships in the poem Ariel , specifically referring to the apparent lesbian affair she had soon after her and Ted Hughes split The childs cry melts in the wall not only suggests that when with her alleged lesbian partner shes free for the burden of motherhood and can just focus on their passion but also that when being in a homosexual relationship the possibilities of conceiving a child are none an therefore there is no-one else to detract from the bond and overwhelming desire that the 2 have for each other. Plath also represents this intimacy by using metaphorical imagery such as White Godiva which indicates the female naked freedom while also subtly protesting against her husband by portraying this great female symbol. Plath also uses imagery to intensify the passion she feels in love making with another woman The brown arc of the neck and into the red eye suggest the vagina and feminists would argue that Plath portrays the orgasm as Foam to the wheat glitter of seas which exaggerates the intimacy experienced when the 2 are at their most vulnerable naked states. Along with this both Plath and the Metaphysicals display the joyous love by the overwhelming of emotions that it creates. In Donnes poem To his Mistress Going To Bed the whole poem is written in one stanza with its contents being ridden with enjambment we easily know By this these Angels from an evil sprite:. This shows the feelings Donne has as not being able to express them fast enough as, as hes seducing her, so many emotions are being created at the foremost frustration and lust. At the time, Donne was known for being debauched and this excitement and unable to contain his feeling emphasises how much he risked in order to sleep with the woman. The use of plosives such as Behind before, above, between, below represent the transactional and heightening strength of the emotion whilst the caesura in the line suggests Donne needs to pause after the words to try and calm himself down from all the overwhelming urges and desires he has for his mistress. As Donne was a child genius and was working in law by the time he was 17 he was popular with the ladies, and so when a woman such as the one hes addressing in the poem doesnt succumb to his epicurean ways so easily, his emotions flair and overwhelm him into an almost plea for her to make love with him. Plath also uses linguistic features in portraying the overbearing love and excitement she has for her first child to be born. Youre is a poem written during her pregnancy of her first child Frieda. She uses the phrase Vague as fog and looked for like mail to represent the anticipation and urgency she has to meet her new child. However, this is a homophone and mail could also mean male as in the absence of her husband Ted Hughes who was rarely around. At the time she was having relationship issues with Ted and building a new everlasting love bond with her new child and so the conflict in positive and negative emotions at the time would have certainly been overwhelming. The fog in this phrase represents the uncertainty and space between the mother and the gestating baby which may also be ironic of the disbelief she has that she can love a person so much without having met them yet. Finally both the metaphysical poets and Plath display love as joyous by seeing it as an opportunity for a new start. Donne sees this new start being one as starting from the pure naked state in the relationship to enter in these bonds is to be free is an oxymoron as the bond of marriage incarcerates two people in a relationship eternally. However Donne is expressing that by having this new start of marriage they will have a sense of freedom and self completion making love even more joyous. Whether Donne actually meant to marry the woman is questionable, after his strong womanising reputation however if he is then the new start he would have in actually committing himself in a marriage shows the strength of the love he feels. Plath, in Ariel sees the birth of her first child as a new start for herself. The metaphor of the last 2 lines Right, like a well-done sum. A clean slate, with your own face on shows the positivity she already sees in this new being well-done sum and clean slate. At the time she was going through hardships in her marriage with Ted Hughes and so the new child could be a source for a new start of optimistic love and a positive source to project happiness onto. The compound words in Thumbs-down on the dodos mode. Represents the new life and thus new beginning Plath will receive from the new baby whilst the assonance of the o sound fortifies this by showing certainty and stability she sees in that this undoubtedly will give her the release and new start that shes needed for so long

Slavery in Colonial America :: Slavery Essays

Slavery in Colonial America The first arrivals of Africans in America were treated similarly to the indentured servants in Europe. Black servants were treated differently from the white servants and by 1740 the slavery system in colonial America was fully developed. Slavery as it existed in America was a practice founded on the chattel principle. Slaves were treated as human chattel to be traded, sold, used, and ranked not among beings, but among things, as an article of property to the owner or possessor. Because the American slave system was based on this principle of human chattlehood, slaves were confined in many ways that handicapped them from even being able to act or live as a human being. The very idea of human chattelhood gave the master unlimited control over his defenseless slave. Chattels are not permitted to get married, acquire or hold property. Chattels cannot have rights and hence the slave has no rights. Chattels can be bought and sold and so justifies the existence of the slave trade. Chattels do not have any claim to legal protection, therefore the slave has none and must tolerate the cruelties of slavery. Chattels are not to be educated or instructed in religion. And lastly, chattels do not possess the freedom of speech and of the press. Race was a very important factor in American slavery. In other nations, slaves would be of the same race as their master. An ex-slave could re-enter society with their past forgotten and be accepted once again. On the other hand, American slavery was closely connected to racial differences that led to racial segregation and discrimination. Master and slave could physically be distinguished from one another, which ultimately distinguished one as human and the other as chattel. Before the American Revolution, slavery existed in every one of the colonies. But by the last quarter of the 18th century, slavery was eventually abandoned in the North mainly because it was not as profitable as it was to the South (where it was becoming even more prevalent). Slavery was an extremely important element in America's economy because of the expanding tobacco and cotton plantations in the Southern states that were in need of more and more cheap labor. At one point America was a land of 113, 000 slaveholders controlling twenty million slaves. By the 1760's many Americans were beginning to become dissatisfied with their mother nation and were waging a war of resistance against the British colonial government. Slavery in Colonial America :: Slavery Essays Slavery in Colonial America The first arrivals of Africans in America were treated similarly to the indentured servants in Europe. Black servants were treated differently from the white servants and by 1740 the slavery system in colonial America was fully developed. Slavery as it existed in America was a practice founded on the chattel principle. Slaves were treated as human chattel to be traded, sold, used, and ranked not among beings, but among things, as an article of property to the owner or possessor. Because the American slave system was based on this principle of human chattlehood, slaves were confined in many ways that handicapped them from even being able to act or live as a human being. The very idea of human chattelhood gave the master unlimited control over his defenseless slave. Chattels are not permitted to get married, acquire or hold property. Chattels cannot have rights and hence the slave has no rights. Chattels can be bought and sold and so justifies the existence of the slave trade. Chattels do not have any claim to legal protection, therefore the slave has none and must tolerate the cruelties of slavery. Chattels are not to be educated or instructed in religion. And lastly, chattels do not possess the freedom of speech and of the press. Race was a very important factor in American slavery. In other nations, slaves would be of the same race as their master. An ex-slave could re-enter society with their past forgotten and be accepted once again. On the other hand, American slavery was closely connected to racial differences that led to racial segregation and discrimination. Master and slave could physically be distinguished from one another, which ultimately distinguished one as human and the other as chattel. Before the American Revolution, slavery existed in every one of the colonies. But by the last quarter of the 18th century, slavery was eventually abandoned in the North mainly because it was not as profitable as it was to the South (where it was becoming even more prevalent). Slavery was an extremely important element in America's economy because of the expanding tobacco and cotton plantations in the Southern states that were in need of more and more cheap labor. At one point America was a land of 113, 000 slaveholders controlling twenty million slaves. By the 1760's many Americans were beginning to become dissatisfied with their mother nation and were waging a war of resistance against the British colonial government.

Peoples Attitudes towards Climate Change

I. IntroductionClimate Change or Global warming is the increase of the average temperature of earth’s atmosphere, oceans, and landmasses. Scientists believe earth is currently facing a period of rapid warming brought on by rising levels of heat-trapping gases, known as greenhouse gases, in the atmosphere (Harvey, 2012). Ironically, â€Å"It is not climate change that is our problem, but the attitude of people that should be addressing the problem† (Fernandez, 2012). Most previous studies evaluating the cause of awareness to the people towards the climate change is the effects of people’s attitude towards climate change (Gallup, 2008; Barret & Dannenberg, 2012).Most of the studies confirm the explicit and implicit attitudes towards climate change suggest targeting hidden thoughts a better way to change people’s behavior (Corner, 2010; Kormos & McIntyre, 2011). There are also findings that proved the countries to firm one another to build human activities to wards climate change.This paper is intended to transport cognizance on the necessary ideas on what are the people’s perception towards climate change that have been affected the existence of the of the mother nature and all the life form that exist in this world.A. ObjectivesThe students intend to:1. To Discuss the nature climate change and its causes;2. To provide data supporting that there are causes and effects in every peoples attitude towards climate change;3. To determine the authenticity of the claim that there are causes and effects in every peoples attitude towards climate change; and4. To associate the findings to the personal lives of parents and children in particular and to the people in generalB. Significance of the studyThis study aims to expound the effectiveness of people’s attitude towards climate change in enhancing human activities for the global benefit of the world. It creates a goal to the students, instructors, children and parents which provide them more intellectual improvement in their years of existence.People’s attitude towards climate change evidently influences many positive effects although there are also negative effects, in order to explain the level of peoples attitude towards climate change, this paper would like to be evident to the fact that climate change does exist to the occurrences of people’s conditional attitude towards climate change.C. Definition of termsIn order to understand clearly the subject matter, we define the following key concepts:Climate change is a significant and lasting change in the statistical distribution of weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years, it may be a change in average weather conditions , or in the distribution of weather around the average conditions (example: more or  fewer extreme weather events).Implicit Association Test (IAT) is a measure within a social psychology designed to detect strength of a person’s automatic association between mental representations of the objects (concepts) in memory. Anthony Greenwald, Debbie McGhee, and Jordan Schwartz introduced the IAT in scientific literature in 1998.Peoples Attitude is determine more by their immediate situation or surroundings than by any internal characteristics, it is to say that surroundings and situation have great impact on people’s attitude.Socioeconomic Status (SES) is an economic and sociological combined total measure of a person’s work experience and of individuals or families economic and social position in relation to others, based on income, education and occupation.II. Nature of Climate ChangeIt is clear from extensive scientific evidence that the dominant cause of the rapid change in climate of the past half century is human-induced increases in the amount of atmospheric greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide (CO2), chlorofluorocarbons, methane, and nitrous oxide.Hence, estimates of the earth’s changing carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration (top) and Antarctic temperature (bottom), based on analysis of ice core data extending back 800,000 years. Until the past century, natural factors caused atmospheric CO2 concentrations to vary within a range of about 180 to 300 parts per million by volume (ppmv).In addition, warmer periods coincide with periods of relatively high CO2 concentrations. Atmospheric CO2 concentrations have increased by almost 40% since pre-industrial times, from approximately 280 parts per million by volume (ppmv) in the 18th century to 390 ppmv in 2010. The current CO2 level is higher than it has been in at least 800,000 years. Some volcanic  eruptions released large quantities of CO2 in the distant past. However, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) reported last 2011 that human activities now emit more than 135 times as much CO2 does as volcanoes each year.However, human activities like greenhouse gases, currently release over 30 billion tons of CO2 into the atmospher e every year.This build-up in the atmosphere is like a tub filling with water, where more water flows from the faucet than the drain can take away.Moreover, methane is produce through both natural and human activities. For example, natural wetlands, agricultural activities, and fossil fuel extraction and transport all emit CH4.Methane is more abundant in Earth’s atmosphere now than at any time in at least the past 650,000 years. [2] Due to human activities, CH4concentrations increased sharply during most of the 20th century and are now more than two-and-a-half time’s pre-industrial levels. In recent decades, the rate of increase has slowed considerably.Nitrous oxide is produce through natural and human activities, mainly through agricultural activities and natural biological processes. Fuel burning and some other processes also create N2O. Concentrations of N2O have risen approximately 18% since the start of the Industrial Revolution, with a relatively rapid increase t owards the end of the 20th century.In contrast, the atmospheric concentration of N2O varied only slightly for a period of 11,500 years before the onset of the industrial period.III. How does Climate Change Work?The Kyoto ProtocolThe Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is an international treaty that sets binding obligations on industrialized countries to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases. The UNFCCC is an environmental treaty with the goal of preventing â€Å"dangerous† anthropogenic (example: human-induced) interference of the climate system.One hundred ninety countries are United Nation members, except Afghanistan, Andorra, Canada, South Sudan and the United States. The United States signed but did not ratify the Protocol and Canada withdrew from it in 2011. The Protocol was adopt by Parties to the UNFCCC in 1997, and entered into force in 2005.As part of the Kyoto Protocol, many developed countries have agreed to legally binding limitations/reductions in their emissions of greenhouse gases in two commitments periods. The first commitment period applies to emissions 2008-2012, and the second commitment period applies to emissions 2013-2020. The protocol was amended in 2012 to accommodate the second commitment period, but this amendment has (as of January 2013) not entered into legal force.On the other hand, 37 countries with binding targets in the second commitment period are Australia, all members of the European Union, Belarus, Croatia, Iceland, Kazakhstan, Norway, Switzerland, and Ukraine. Belarus, Kazakhstan and Ukraine have stated that they may withdraw from the Protocol or not put into legal force the Amendment with second round targets.Moreover, Japan, New Zealand, and Russia have participated in Kyoto's first round but have not taken on new targets in the second commitment period. Other developed countries without second-round targets are Canada (which withdrew from the Kyoto Protocol in 2012 ) and the United States (which has not ratified the Protocol).Thus, international emissions trading allow developed countries to trade their commitments under the Kyoto Protocol. They can trade emissions quotas among themselves, and can receive credit for financing emissions reductions in developing countries. Developed countries may use emissions trading until late 2014 or 2015 to meet their first-round targets.Developing countries do not have binding targets under the Kyoto Protocol, but are still committed under the treaty to reduce their emissions.Actions  taken by developed and developing countries to reduce emissions include support for renewable, improving energy efficiency, and reducing deforestation. Under the Protocol, emissions of developing countries are authorized to grow in accordance with their development needs.The treaty recognizes that developed countries have contributed the most to the anthropogenic build-up of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere (around 77% of em issions between 1750 and 2004), and that carbon dioxide emissions per person in developing countries (2.9 tons in 2010) are, on average, lower than emissions per person in developed countries (10.4 tons in 2010).Because, a number of developed countries have commented that the Kyoto targets only apply to a small share of annual global emissions. Countries with second-round Kyoto targets made up 13.4% of annual global anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions in 2010.[27] Many developing countries have emphasized the need for developed countries to have strong, binding emissions targets. At the global scale, existing policies appear to be too weak to prevent global warming exceeding 2 or 1.5 degrees Celsius, relative to the pre-industrial level (King, D., et al., 2011;)IV. Providing Data Supporting the Claim that there are Causes and Effect in every people attitudes towards climate change.In the study conducted by The World Bank’s World Development Report 2010 on Climate Change an d Development commissioned on international poll of public attitudes to climate change their findings indicate that attitudes on international cooperation on climate change results in one thought, that if their countries acted, other countries would be encouraged to act as well. Should an agreement on cutting emissions emerge from the Copenhagen meeting, very large majorities in all 15 countries said their nation should commit to cut emissions as part of the agreement.Then, if such an agreement does not emerge, majorities in 14 countries and a plurality in one still thought their nation would have a responsibility to act.Effect of one country’s example on others one overhanging question in  the difficult global process of forming measures against climate change is the power of example and mutual efforts: if some nations lead, will others be inclined to follow—not only on a world scale, but also regionally, or among neighboring countries?Furthermore, respondents were asked whether they thought, â€Å"That if our country takes steps to deal with the problem of climate change, other countries would then be more willing to act, or do you think it wouldn’t make much difference?.Similarly, in 14 of 15 countries, majorities thought the example of their country acting would affect other countries’ willingness positively—and in Russia, a plurality thought so (47% to 32%).For that reason, an average of 68% in all 15 countries thought other countries will be affected by their example, and only 24% did not developed countries that have smaller majorities believed in the power of their example, while many developing countries showed much more confidence in it.Thus Bangladesh, Senegal, Kenya, Indonesia and Vietnam all had majorities of 79% or higher who thought that if their country took such steps, other countries would be then more willing to act.In addition, Mexico, Iran and China were almost as confident (all at 73%). Egypt (66%) an d India (61%) had substantial majorities thinking so; France was similar at 63%.However, Japan, the United States and Russia were all significantly less confident that their example would make any difference. In Japan, 54% thought their example would encourage other countries, while 46% did not; in the US 52% thought it would make a difference, while 46% did not; and in Russia 47% thought it would, and 32% that it would not.WhereasGallup conducted the first comprehensive survey of global opinions about climate change, posing two questions to respondents in 128 countries: 1) how much you know about global warming or climate change.Moreover 2) How serious of a threat is globalwarmingto you and your family?Gallup finds that a majority of the world's adult population is aware of the climate change issue, but a substantial minority is not aware.Further, those who are aware are more likely to say climate change poses a serious threat to themselves and their families. Results vary by regio n and among each of the top five greenhouse gas-emitting countries, underscoring the challenges leaders face in reaching a global climate agreement.Regionally, people in Europe and the Americas (which includes North, South, and Central America) are the most likely to be aware of climate change. More than 8 in 10 adults in Europe and the Americas say they know at least something about climate change.Fish Ponds Cause the brunt of typhoons â€Å"Pedring† and Quiel†.It is one of the major reasons of a prolonged flooding in residential and rural areas in the plains of Bulacan and Pampanga because of the proliferation of fishponds and aquaculture projects in the major waterways, thus, this result to the slowed flow of the water from the typhoon and dams.On the other hand, cities of Butuan and Cotabato experiencing the prolonged flood because of the rivers that is clog by water lilies.Similarly, the city of Cotabato experienced the said problem because of the industries that p olluted the river with nitrates which induce the growth of lilies to cause a certain scenario.Implicit Association TestUsing the Implicit Association Test (IAT), developed in the 1990s and now widely used in social psychology, Geoffrey Beattie and Laura McGuire at Manchester University asked whether people's â€Å"explicit† attitudes (the responses people give in surveys and opinion polls) or their â€Å"implicit†Ã‚  attitudes (which can only be revealed by people's reaction times on a specially designed task) best predicted the amount of attention they paid to iconic images of climate change.Situational SurveyParticipants were asked to rate how much they agreed with statements such as: â€Å"I prefer a product with a low carbon footprint†. But they also completed an IAT where they had to assign a series of positive or negative terms to the target category of â€Å"low carbon footprint†. The researchers then showed them a series of images, some of which w ere iconic negative images of climate change (for example, a stranded polar bear), some of which were positive images of nature (for example, a field of sunflowers), and some of which were everyday household objects. Intermingled across a series of slides, participants could choose which images to look at.The results were striking:Only implicit attitudes predicted how long people looked at iconic images of climate change. It did not matter if people had expressed a positive explicit attitude towards low-carbon products. Only people with strongly positive implicit attitudes (i.e. the people with quick reaction times between positive terms and the low carbon footprint category) chose to linger on the climate change images.These findings suggest that even people who express a high degree of concern about climate change, or who claim a great deal of interest in low-carbon products, may actually be unconsciously shielding themselves from imagery associated with climate change and by exte nsion, a deeper reflection on how to change their behavior in response to it.What about interpreting the Climate Change as an emergency?People also reject climate change because of other commitments in their life. If climate change is real, that might mean we need to change how we live. If  we don’t want to change, that can influence our thinking all the way back up to whether we consider the issue a problem. Broadly, you can call this motivated reasoning(Nordhaus, and Shaw, 1994)Psychologists recognize that people have a complex set of social identities based on their age, gender, religion and many other groups. These memberships drive attitudes, feelings and behavior. Social identity exists whenever a person feels they are a member and feels a sense of psychological identification with a group (Latane,& Darley, 1968)Political party is a powerful social identity that informs how people think about themselves and the world. Following this very brief description of social id entity theory, consider how political party shapes how we process incoming information. It’s not easy to go against your political party, because you can be derogated and excluded from the group. It’s uncomfortable to feel social influence and not go along. Political identification matters in evaluating information on climate change (Frant & Mayer, 2009).V. Implication of the studyPeople cannot change their attitude towards climate change if their socioeconomic status (SES) priority on climate change is not on their list of commitments in life. Someone must encourage them to change their belief in their attitudes towards climate change. Through the interaction with the media, people in the society will be aware on how climate change got worst in this time of decade.Hence, creatinga law that will be a major concern of the people, and implement it to all citizens that live on a certain country that implement such law. As a result people may continue their attention and c ould gain more as they interact with the intellect of climate change just like a footprint in wet cement, it hardens as it goes by, thereby, and there should be a good footprint to leave so they could have much better through thedevelopment.VI. ConclusionWe arrived with a conclusion that Global Climate Change is a fact, although there are skeptics in no way a majority group. That is why governments around the world have reacted to this growing threat nearest major climatic changes that may put their economies at risk.People Attitudes towards Global Climate Change, on the other hand, has made it very clear globalization of pressing environmental issues if it is not a company that involves all nations. Population pressure and development taken by most developed nations along with developing nations placed increasing pressure on natural resources and environmental systems on land.At present, the self-regulatory capacity of the atmosphere are carried to their limits and according to man y, surpassed. It is not sound policy, for humanity, let the search for solutions for the future or if they are strongly needed. The atmosphere and the processes that maintain their characteristics are not very fast reaction times compared with the periods humans.

Life in correctional facilities Essay

Prisons are used as correctional facilities which are meant to influence the criminal to be a positively charged individual and accepted by the society. The rehabilitation process should be able to benefit the criminal in his life in and after prison. There are certain factors that make one to become a criminal and adapt to the criminal way of life. Correctional facilities should not be brutal but should guide the imprisoned positively and motivate them to become law abiding citizens. The community should accept the prisoner once he is released and treat him like a citizen and accept that he can change and interact freely with them. Life in prison Prison life can prove to be hard if the correctional facility uses correctional means which are torturous. Prisons are institutions where criminals or those who have gone against the law are kept. They are meant to bring an individual to positive life at the end of their sentence and be able to contribute positively to the community. However, this has not been the case in these institutions. In this paper, we take a look at the effects of what prison life is and how one can be able to adapt while imprisoned. We take a look at some correctional policies that can be introduced in prison and what makes one to become a criminal (Crag 1992). In the past years, prison was based on punishing the inmate by inflicting pain on his body; this has however changed as prison is seen as a form of rehabilitation to the inmate. Prisons have positive and negatives effects to the prisoner. There is the safekeeping of inmates where they are provided with the basic needs of food, shelter and clothing. Prisons are used as correctional facilities which maintain and improve the inmates physically and psychologically through counseling and physical exercise. The safekeeping of inmates includes locking them in a confined environment and allowing room for the isolation of welfare activities which satisfy their needs through recreation and education. It however makes them feel dehumanized and rejected by the society and this could lead to mental depression. Timetables are used in this institutions play a major factor in rehabilitation through procedures. They know where to be at the right time because it indicates time for shower, meals, labor time, recreational activities schedule and what time to go to bed. This method turns the criminal into a hard worker and changes his psychology by restoring responsibilities in him. He knows he has a duty to fulfill at a particular time. When a criminal is imprisoned for twenty years and follow the same routine, he is unable to think of what to do with his time as his psychology is already used to one specific routine (Crag 1992). Use of uniforms in correctional facilities destroys the individual’s personal identity and makes them feel part of a group. They are able to associate with each other easily and all feel are on the same level and no one is more special than the rest. The physical condition of the prisons the thick walls, the barbed wires and the constant supervision they gat from guards shape the criminal’s psychology and think positively in order to be accepted by the society. Being surrounded by walls and the supervision makes the prisoner know he did wrong and for him to be free from the walls, he has to change his behavior in order to be accepted by the society. A prisoner can also be undermined in prison. There have been cases of rape and victimization which caused the affected to commit suicide or be damaged psychologically (Sham 1970). Policies that assist an inmate to adapt to prison life. Having a psychologist to assist the prisoners adapt to the changes they are experiencing as they try to adopt in prison life. A psychologist should help in the emotional changes by making them understand that prison is a correctional facility and not punishment. An inmate should be provided with better medical facilities when they get sick . This will make the inmate develop well socially and emotionally (Sham 1970). Activities like sports, debates and singing should be introduced this occupies their minds and makes them live and develop socially and are used to each other. Holding regular competitions will lead to positive spirits and harmony among the inmates. The use of timetables is seen as a way which assists an inmate to adapt to prison life by knowing where to be and what to do at a certain time. A newcomer adapts easily to daily routine and feels part of the group by following what they should be doing at particular time. This also makes the inmates feel they are all part of the system because no one is treated in a special way. Dividing of tasks among the inmates also assists them to adapt to the environment as they communicate with the other inmates and are oriented to the tasks which are carried out (Sham 1970). The inmates need constant motivational and uplifting seminars which aid them in proper development. Spiritual uplifting gives them hope and make them develop in the right direction. They should also be given guidance and know there is life after prison. The prison authorities should invite guests who will motivate and uplift the prisoners (Sheldon 1982). Prison is intended to assist the criminal to change positively and bring no harm to the society once they are released. Prison should be used to correct the mistakes and uplift them to be acceptable citizens. Many correctional facilities use brutal methods to correct the prisoners like, physical beatings having one meal a day, no free time and lots of labor. This type of treatment damages the inmate physically and emotionally and does not bring any change to the prisoner. The prisons should give less labor to the inmates and time for rest. They should also introduce a system where they earn from their labor. For instance, if they work more hard, they get rewards lie TV, gym, football. This way they will be more motivated to get the work finished because there is a reward at the end of it. More time should also be put to educate the prisoners. The library should be open to all prisoners who feel free to advance their knowledge. Holding competitions like football and debates makes them grow and are able to respect each other. Creating more time with family and friends gives them the assurance that people still care for them and will need to change to be accepted by their families. Having visitations like once a month will enable them to gather confidence in themselves. These methods lead the prisoner know there is more to life than punishment and they can live a good life by causing no harm to the community. Motivating them will make them start businesses once they get out of prison (Crag 1992). There are many reasons which make one become a criminal. One of the many beliefs is when one was abused and depressed as a child or fell into bad company when they were growing up. These changes their psychology as they grow up and they are filled with hate and revenge and will want to cause harm and that is the only way they will feel god about themselves. The environment where one grew up contributes to who they will be in future. If one lives in a neighborhood where people make a living by stealing, selling drugs and kidnapping, they will adopt to this methods slowly without realizing (Sham 1970). A person can also be labeled by society as a criminal and will adapt to that name. The lack of self control, hate and poor socialization skills make people to live with hatred and wanting to cause harm to individuals. Being in prison and seeing how other criminals behave and how they organize their criminal gangs also contribute to making one a criminal as soon as they get out of prison because they will have experience first hand training from experienced criminals. While in prison, most inmates gather hope and confidence that they will be free one day. They should be encouraged to stay out of trouble while in prison and to develop in a way which will be acceptable by the society. A prisoner should not be excommunicated from the society and needs to be embraced in order to move in the right direction. The correctional institution should be seen as correctional centers whose main aim will be to assist the prisoners grow in the positive direction and should not be perceived as a torture chamber. Once out of prison, the prisoner should use the skills acquired and bring positive development to the society and stay out of danger. However, the society will need to accept the imprisoned and treat him in a good way that will not hurt his psychology. References Crag, W. (1992). The practice of punishment. London: Rutledge Press. Sham, S. (1970). The inmate social code. New York: Wiley & Sons Sheldon, M & GreTosh, J. (1982). The pains of imprisonment. California: Sage Publications.

The Greatest Man In U.S. Histr essays

The Greatest Man In U.S. Histr essays Abraham Lincoln, the greatest man in U.S. history, had many great accomplishments for this nation throughout his presidency. The most significant of these accomplishments was the abolishment of slavery. His love for America motivated him to do what he knew to be just. Lincoln had a meaningful, but shortened life, but he still accomplished more things than most other people in their lifetimes. Abraham Lincoln, the greatest man in U.S. history, had a childhood, education, and achievements that are exceptionally commendable. Abraham Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809 in a log cabin in Hardin County, Kentucky. (Donald 22; Neely 347) Abe liked to work outdoors, and was raised to do farm work. (Sandburg 14; Neely 347) When Abe was seven, his family moved to Indiana. (Donald 23) Partly on account of slavery, Abraham recalled, but chiefly on account of difficulty in land titles in Kentucky. (Neely 347) His formal education he received in an Indiana Blab School, using only the spelling book. (Angle 23) He loved to read, especially the Bible, Aesops Fables, and Robinson Crusoe, to name a few. (Angle 23-24) In 1817, his grandparents Tom and Betsey Sparrow died of milk sick. Abes mother also died from this on October 15, 1818. (Sandburg 11) Lincoln reached his full height, 64, before he was 20. Abe was thin, awkward, big-boned, and strong in the arms. (Baritt 313) Abe was interested in politics, and would walk 30 miles to a courthouse to hear lawyers speak and to see how they argued. Abe also heard political speakers and mimicked them. In 1830, he made his first political speech, on improving the Sangamoon River for better navigation. (Sandburg 15, 21) On March 1, 1830, he left for Illinois to the town of New Salem, looking for a career to pursue. (Sandburg 20) In 1831, however, he was still unsure of his career. (Donald 38) In April ...

Questions to Ask During Your Medical School Interview

Questions to Ask During Your Medical School Interview Interviews are all about questions- not only for the applicant but for the interviewer as well. Most medical school applicants spend a great deal of time considering what they might be asked and how they will respond. No doubt about it, you will be grilled during your interview for medical school. Although tips for applying to medical school abound, many med school interview candidates dont realize is that the interview is also a time to ask questions. In fact, you will even be judged on the quality of your questions. Asking good questions is important because it shows that you are informed and interested in the program. More importantly, it is only by asking relevant questions that you will gather the information needed to determine if a particular medical school is right for you. The admissions committee is not just interviewing you. You are interviewing them. Too often candidates take the position that they will attend any school that admits them. Remember that you need to choose a program that is a good match for you. It is only by asking questions that you can accurately determine that. What Not To Ask One caveat about asking questions: Remember to do your homework. You should already know a lot about the program. Your questions should never ask about simple information that can be gleaned off of the website. You are expected to be aware of such materials. Instead, your questions should probe and follow up on what you have already learned. Never ask any personal questions of the interviewer either- unless they specifically relate to how that person enjoys the environment, classes or professors of that med school. Steer clear of questions whose answers dont help you understand the program better or that delve too deeply into the person sitting in front of you (though polite questions like how are you? are completely fine in conversation). This is your chance to get to know the school, not the interviewer. That said, it is important to tailor your questions to your interviewer. For example, ask questions about the quality of life  that the interviewer, as a resident of the school, would know the answers to.   Curriculum and Evaluations One of the primary reasons to choose one medical school over another is the courses offered specifically in that program. Therefore it is important to ask if there are any special programs for which this medical school is notably special. Its even better to ask about specific programs youve researched on the school website or course catalog.   Since most medical programs are slightly different with how they handle clinical application years, it is also important to ask the interviewer to describe the curriculum during the pre-clinical and clinical years and if there is any flexibility in the coursework (how many  electives  are offered and the timing of the courses). What makes this program different than another similar program youve discovered at another school? What difference is there in teaching style? Questions like these will help you determine if the medical school youre applying to is the right fit. Evaluation of students can also be drastically different from one institution to another. If the website or course catalog does not specifically cover the topic, you should ask your interviewer how students are academically evaluated and what the course of action is should a student perform poorly. How does the school assist students who do not pass? Clinical evaluations, similarly, can be carried out differently from school to school, so you should also ask about their process for such.   The future of students attending this particular med school can also help you determine whether or not you can achieve your goals as a student by attending. Asking how do students from this  medical school  perform on the National Board Examinations (percentage-wise) and which residency programs the recent graduates were accepted to can shed some light on the likelihood an education at this program will improve your chances of getting into the residence of your choice. If you have a narrower idea of where youd like to attend medical school, perhaps asking what clinical sites are available (rural, urban or private) and if students are permitted to do rotations at other institutions will provide more insight into the programs offerings.   Resources and Faculty-Student Interactions Speaking of resources, it is important that at the end of the interview you understand exactly what tools the program has to help you along in your college career. Ask about the library and electronic journal database access- is it, in the interviewers opinion, adequate for all the current medical information you will need. Further, what computer and technology resources are available to students? It is critically important, especially in modern times, that the program offers adequate resources, so dont hesitate to ask for clarification on any of their availability.   Also, finding out what kind of academic, personal, financial and career counseling services are available can help you better understand how well the program cares for the individual needs of its students. If you are a minority or special interest group, you may want to know the diversity of the student body and any support services or organizations for ethnic minorities and women the school may offer. If you are married, asking if there are services available for spouses and dependents will alleviate some of your concerns with family issues.   In terms of faculty-student interactions, you may want to know how each advisor is assigned and what the working relationship with students is throughout the program. This typically includes work on faculty research, so you may want to ask how that gets assigned and if students are given the opportunity to design, conduct and publish their own research.   Financial Aid Medical school can be expensive- very expensive- so asking about what kinds of  financial aid are offered could be imperative to the pursuit of your medical school degree. You should ask the interview how common it is for students to have unmet needs in their financial aid package  and how these students come up with the extra funds. Perhaps someone is available to assist  students with financial aid, budgeting, and financial planning?   In any case, it is important that before you finish the interview you have a bit more comfort in how you will manage to pay for your tuition and degree. Asking a variety of questions surrounding financial aid, including clarifying exactly what the expected cost of tuition will be, can help give you this piece of mind.   Student Involvement Its important to remember that you are paying for your education and you alone are responsible for making the most of your education. One of the best ways to ensure this (other than choosing professors and courses suited best to you) is to get involved on campus and in the program itself. Ask your interviewer what medical school committees have student representation and what opportunities exist for students to provide program feedback and participate in  curriculum planning. This will allow you more freedom to influence your program to most benefit your curriculum goals. Similarly, the student council or government involvement may be an important question to ask.   In terms of the valuable on-the-job experiences that will go toward future residence applications, community service also plays a key role in your education. You may consider asking if most students are involved in those activities and which community service opportunities are available to students. It might even be a requirement of completing your degree, so its best to ask the interviewer exactly how the program regards and encourages student involvement.   Campus Policies As a student entering the medical field, you should understand the importance of an institutions response to medical emergencies and virus outbreaks. Consider asking your interviewer what the protocol is for dealing with student exposure to infectious diseases. Are vaccinations provided against Hepatitis B or prophylactic AZT treatment in case of a needle-stick or accident? There are many more campus policy questions you could ask depending on your lifestyle, career goals, and medical needs as a student. For instance, if you are a student living with a disability, you might consider asking if  disability insurance  is provided by the school. If you hope to fast-track your degree, you may ask about the possibility of taking on a heavier course load. Inversely, if you are working full-time and hope to only enroll in night classes, you may ask what the campus policy is for attendance and when courses are offered, specifically. If you anticipate a loved one passing or needing critical care and you are forced to leave school, you may ask what the grievance procedure is for the institution. Location and Quality of Life If youre relocating to the area for school- especially if the interview happens to coincide with your first visit to its location- you may want to ask specific questions about the city and campus standard of living. Asking what the housing facilities are like and if most students live on or off campus is perfectly acceptable as long as the information has not already been provided on the website (do your research first). Even personal lifestyle questions like what the neighborhood is like and what kind of stores and restaurants are around are okay to ask in this vein of questioning. Commuting may become an issue if you choose off-campus housing. You should ask your interviewer if a car is necessary and what public and school transit options are available if you choose to do so.   Questions to Ask Yourself The answers the interviewer gives to all of the above questions should serve to give you a better understanding of what being a student of the medical school will entail. Once youve completed the interview, its time to review your notes and ask yourself a few questions that will help you decide if the program is truly right for you.   Start with the core curriculum and education program offered. Does this school provide training in the type of medicine you want to practice- primary versus specialized care, urban versus rural practice, academic medicine or private practice education? Is the program specific (or broad) enough to meet the needs of your professional goals? Do you like the professors youve researched or heard about in the program? These questions will guide you to the most important facet of choosing a program: is it the right fit for me? If yes- and you have more than one yes program- you should then examine how you feel about the school itself and the neighborhood youll be living to attend classes. Compare the perks and disadvantages of attending each of the programs that suit your educational needs. Will you be happy at the school? In the neighborhood? If youve answered yes to all of these, youve found the program for you!

Same Year, Same Author How to Reference Sources Correctly

Same Year, Same Author How to Reference Sources Correctly Same Year, Same Author? How to Reference Sources Correctly Many referencing systems use the author’s surname and year of publication in citations, with full source information given in a reference list. However, if you are citing multiple sources by the same author from the same year, the name and year alone won’t be enough to cite a text clearly. What do you do if you need to cite two sources from one author that were published in the same year in a paper, then? In this post, we look at how this works with author–date citations. Two Sources from the Same Year in Author–Date Citations To show how this works with author–date citations, we’ll use the APA referencing system. However, the same rules described here apply to other similar systems (e.g., Chicago and Harvard). The basic rule when citing two sources from the same year is to add a letter after the year: Pellow (1994b) originally claimed that love is all around. However, later the same year he claimed to have located it specifically in a wishing well (Pellow, 1994a). Here, for example, we have two sources by â€Å"Pellow† from 1994. Without adding â€Å"a† and â€Å"b† after the year of publication in these citations, we would not be able to tell the sources apart. Pellow is perhaps better known for his pop career than his time in academia.(Photo: Andwhatsnext, aka Nancy J Price) You may be wondering why we used â€Å"b† instead of â€Å"a† for the first citation above. This is because the correct letter to use for each source depends on its position in the reference list. With APA referencing, you would usually list multiple sources by the same author chronologically. However, when multiple sources are published in the same year, you organize them by title: Pellow, M. (1994a). Goodnight Girl: Finding Love in a Wet Place. Glasgow: WWW Inc. Pellow, M. (1994b). Love Is All Around: A Geolocational Study. London: Troggs Publishing. In this case, then, Goodnight Girl is assigned the letter â€Å"a† because â€Å"Goodnight† comes before â€Å"Love† alphabetically. It is vital that the same letters are used in the reference list as in citations, as otherwise your reader will have no way of knowing which source you are citing in each case.

UK IT Related Laws Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

UK IT Related Laws - Essay Example Illegally obtained data, records or information about an individual are often used in crimes that involve identity theft. Other usage of data about a person includes blackmail, kidnapping and other crimes. Data Protection Act of 1998 The Data Protection Act of 1998 was in response to the European Directive of 1995 that required member states to protect the right to privacy of every citizen in the European Union. Recognizing the borderless nature of internet transactions, the need for this law to be passed in every state is of outmost importance to ensure that no European will be victimized within the European Union by fellow Europeans engaged in criminal activities. The Data Protection Act was very explicit in limiting the information to be gathered by organizations from an individual to ensure that only what is needed by the organization can be gathered. The Data Protection Act also mandates that the information gathered from an individual or generated for an individual by an establ ishment should not be kept longer than necessary. The provision cited herein has the intention of ensuring that no data or information can be obtained that can be used in stealing and replicating an identity. However, there are instances where problems still occur. In September 2010, Brighton General Hospital was robbed of Hard Drives that contained confidential information of patients of the said hospital. Although, the Chief Executive of Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trusts stated that the Hard Drives have been released to a contractor who was paid to destroy the Hard Drives, unfortunately the contractor sold them on E-Bay. As soon as they have been informed of the theft, they were able to catch and recover the hard drives with the help of the local police. The Information Commissioner’s Office stated that the watchdog suggested that the fine of the hospital be 375,000 pounds. The 375,000 pound fine is the biggest fine that the Information Commissionerâ€℠¢s Office has issued. (OUT-LAW.com, 2012) Kent County Council has been named as the number one organization that loses private data of their clients in the United Kingdom. There had been 72 reports of theft between the years 2008 and 2011. One incident was mentioned in the article where a worker lost a USB drive that contained information regarding students somewhere. Most of the Kent County Council’s loss of data incidents includes the loss of laptops, documents that were misplaced or accidentally left outside a car. Another incident mentioned were parents receiving a report of a different child. Although the Kent County Council was not held liable for some incidents which is illustrated in an incident where one family posted case notes pictures on Facebook, making it accessible to anyone. However, it is no big surprise that they came out as Number One with respect to data loss since they are a big authority in the United Kingdom. (BBC, 2011) Zurich Insurance was issued a fi ne of 2,300,000 million pounds by the Financial Service Authority for the data loss incident in August 2008 involving 46,000 of its customers. The data loss occurred when they were transferring data to storage

How Do the NSC and APNSA Operate Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

How Do the NSC and APNSA Operate - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that the national security agency (NSA) is the U.S intelligence agency that has been given the responsibility of providing the United States government with encrypted information assurance and reading encrypted communication signals intelligence of other nations. The department that has been mandated with the duty to create and maintain secure computer network operations for the US government and prepare for impending network warfare. On the other hand, the assistant to the president for national security affairs   APNSA is the senior-most official in the executive office of the president who serves as the chief advisor stationed in the white house to the president of the United States on national security issues.   The person who seat in that chair also is a member of the national security council and is located in the west wing of the white house where he finds support from national security council staff that produces research, intel ligence, and briefings for the APNSA to review and present them to the president. The origin of NSA can be traced from 1917 after the Congress declared war on Germany in World War 1 during this time a code and cipher decryption unit was set up with its headquarters in Washington D.C. The NSA is responsible for the protection of U.S government communications and another information system, due to the growing practice of mass surveillance in the U.S. NSA collects all phone records of all Americans citizens that it uses in an analysis of the potential threat to the nation. However, NSA has no authority to conduct human source intelligence gathering although it is often portrayed doing so in popular culture and regions. Nevertheless, it remains its objective to coordinate and deconfliction of SIGINT components of otherwise non-SIGINT government organization. These organizations are prevented by law from engaging in such activities without the approval of the NSA through the secretary of defense. NSA has been reported to be doing the massive extent of the NSA’s spying both domestic and foreign that was revealed to the public in a series of detailed disclosures of internal NSA documents from June 2013 where most disclosures are said to have been leaked by former NSA contractor Edward snow den. Since everybody insists that they should have the privacy of what they do with their private lives, it is evident that with NSA there is nothing like privacy.

EMBA 530 Student Replys week 9 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

EMBA 530 Student Replys week 9 - Essay Example As for the first, the mere mention of family may be taken both as advantage and disadvantage, since it is well known that families can be either harmonious or contentious (Werbel & Danes, 2010). In money matters for instance, a family business might be in urgent need of new capital, and the best way for this is to reinvest earnings. However, other members of the family who may be shareholders but who do not participate in the management of the firm may be looking forward to regular dividends in order ‘to help support their lifestyles’ (Houlihan, 2013, p.1). Easily, families in which long-standing personal grudges are present (which is practically all families) will encounter one or two members who would express impatience or irritation at not receiving regular dividends and may pick a personal quarrel with the managing family member. Houlihan, R. (2013) ‘ESOPs offer liquidity solutions.’ Family Business: The Guide for Family Companies. Retrieved 12 March 2013 from http://www.familybusinessmagazine.com/index.php?/freefeature/single/esops_offer_liquidity/ Werbel, J. D., & Danes, S. M. (2010). Work Family Conflict in New Business Ventures: The Moderating Effects of Spousal Commitment to the New Business Venture. Journal Of Small Business Management, 48(3), 421-440. doi:10.1111/j.1540-627X.2010.00301.x Christopher’s post was extremely informative and incisive, and touched on many topics which impact significantly in family businesses. There is a bit of difficulty, however, in identifying the five specific conditions which the exercise required, and there are several conditions discussed which tended to contribute to the failure, rather than success, of the business. For instance, the mention of the increasing number of family members for each new generation as being a negative factor influencing business, appears to be more of a disadvantage than an

Green Technology Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Green Technology - Case Study Example Ensuring a Strong, Healthy and Just Society- meeting the diverse needs of all people in existing and future communities, promoting personal well-being, social cohesion and inclusion, and creating equal opportunity for all. Achieving a Sustainable Economy- Building a strong, stable and sustainable economy which provides prosperity and opportunities for all, and in which environmental and social costs fall on those who impose them (polluter pays). And efficient resource use is incentivised. Using Sound Science Responsibility - Ensuring policy is developed and implemented on the basis of strong scientific evidence, whilst taking into account scientific uncertainty (through the Precautionary Principle) as well as public attitudes and values. Sustainable design balances human needs with the carrying capacity of the natural and cultural environments. It minimizes environmental impacts; it minimizes importation of goods and energy as well as generation of waste. Sustainable design is an ecosystematic approach that demands an understanding of the consequences of our actions. One of the best ways to describe sustainable building is to compare it with other forms of resource based development. As an example in the creation of resort, only few of them can provide or can sustain a harmonious relationship with the environment. The long term objective of sustainable design is to minimize resource degradation and consumption on a global scale. They should to example to heighten environmental awareness. Sustainable design must seek to use the building or non building as an educational tool to demonstrate the importance of the environment in sustaining human life. It should connect humans with their environment for the spiritual, emotional and therapeutic benefits that nature provides. Sustainable building design must promote new human values and lifestyles to achieve a more harmonious relationship with local, regional, and global resources and environments. The design increases public awareness about the appropriate technologies and the cradle to grave energy and waste implications of various building and consumer materials. The sustainable building design nurture living cultures to perpetuate indigenous responsiveness to and harmony with, local environmental factors. It can relay cultural and historical und erstanding of the site with local, regional and global relationships. Sustainable Planning Sustainable planning for the development of an outdoor recreation entails the: community participation, environmental protection, natural resource conservation and local economic development. Community participation includes the following plans a) Reflects the values of the surrounding community by harmonizing with existing buildings in materials, design and density. b) Ensures that infrastructure will exist to serve neighborhood needs. c) Should have adequate public transportation, public restrooms, bicycle parking, drinking fountains, and

Video games as an art Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Video games as an art - Research Paper Example One of the major reasons why some people support the playing of video games is that they assist in the expansion of individuals’ intelligence. This is normally in the case of children whose brain is still growing. Also, some games such as Dance Revolution are advantageous to the kids as they enable them to exercise and have fun at the same time. The supporters of the video games also state that they help in the improvement of coordination and also serve to bring together many people which leads to the making of new friends (Gee 49).   Another major reason why some people support the video games is that they are relaxing and fun to play and some games are considered to be educational as they are either based on situations which occur in individuals’ real life or are based on certain simulations. Lastly, the playing of video games is supported by some people as it ensures the growth of concentration power and makes the participant’s mind to become sporty. In addi tion, some realistic feigning gives learners a chance to experience the outcomes of their decisiveness and consider the solutions decently. Educational computer games have numerous advantages to the students in that learners acquire continuous and contiguous feedback. Learners are able to contain the entire sailing of the game, breaking down Byzantine tasks and this directs or chips in guidelines to learners through diverse steps and game-based tasks. This enables the learner to come up with hypotheses and experimentation.

The Pluralist framework of industrial Relations in the UK has been Essay

The Pluralist framework of industrial Relations in the UK has been replaced with HR management Discuss - Essay Example Over the years, this relationship has gradually improved and become highly developed in response to conditions and terms of employment. Among scholars and practitioners of labour issues, there have been arguments regarding industrial relations (IR) and Human Resources (HR) management. The debates have been centred on whether pluralist framework of IR has been replaced with HR management or not. According to Salmon (2000), IR is a multidisciplinary field that studies the relationship of employment in both employment situations and in the unionized workforce. On the other hand, HR management refers to an organizational function that concentrates on recruitment, management, and providing direction to employees in a given organization (Armstrong, 2006). The pluralist framework is a system of managing industrial/ employee relations, which determines the employment relationship and resolves conflict through the institution of trade union recognition and the process of collective bargaining at enterprise, industry, and national level. On the other hand, HR management is a strategic and integrated approach to the management of people. HR management is about employees’ management. Recent evidence about HRM application suggests that there is a decline in the collective aspects of the employment relationship in favour of individualism.

Video games as an art Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Video games as an art - Research Paper Example One of the major reasons why some people support the playing of video games is that they assist in the expansion of individuals’ intelligence. This is normally in the case of children whose brain is still growing. Also, some games such as Dance Revolution are advantageous to the kids as they enable them to exercise and have fun at the same time. The supporters of the video games also state that they help in the improvement of coordination and also serve to bring together many people which leads to the making of new friends (Gee 49).   Another major reason why some people support the video games is that they are relaxing and fun to play and some games are considered to be educational as they are either based on situations which occur in individuals’ real life or are based on certain simulations. Lastly, the playing of video games is supported by some people as it ensures the growth of concentration power and makes the participant’s mind to become sporty. In addi tion, some realistic feigning gives learners a chance to experience the outcomes of their decisiveness and consider the solutions decently. Educational computer games have numerous advantages to the students in that learners acquire continuous and contiguous feedback. Learners are able to contain the entire sailing of the game, breaking down Byzantine tasks and this directs or chips in guidelines to learners through diverse steps and game-based tasks. This enables the learner to come up with hypotheses and experimentation.

Ethical issues on end of life care Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ethical issues on end of life care - Term Paper Example This paper discusses the ethical issues concerned with terminally ill patients. It is an important issue that must be discussed convincingly to make last days of the patients fulfilling. In the recent times, the ethical issues on end of life care have increasingly become much more important than being major concern for increasing Medicare bills or the inability of medicines to provide the palliative care that patients deserve in their last days of lives. The author has cited the case of Sara Monopoli, who was pregnant and at the last stages was diagnosed with metastatic cancer that is incurable. The exhaustive treatment that she underwent was testament to the deteriorating quality of her life. Apart from the huge Medicare expenses, the author rightly questions the efficacy of a system that deprives patients of the right to die in dignity and gives them hope when none exist. Author has referred Harvard Researcher, Nicholas Christakis who had interviewed doctors of nearly five hundred terminally ill patients as to how long they expected their patients to survive and then followed the progress of the patients. Sixty three percent over-estimated the time. It was revealed that though doctors were aware of the futility of medicines but they could not tell the same to the patients and made them undergo treatments which could, if at all, only slightly prolong their lives. They also knew that quality of lives of patients would be adversely impacted by the treatment but they went ahead just because the patients wanted them. Indeed, the doctors’ inability or deliberate intention to with-held the important issue that death is imminent and quality of life would be impacted is wrong. According to Act Utilitarian of Bentham, action which results in the happiness of one and all is a good act. ‘When choosing a course of action, one should always pick the one that will maximize happiness and minimize unhappiness for the greatest number of people’ (Bentham fro m Rosenstand p.176). While the doctors and surgeons knew that with incurable conditions, it was a long medical struggle with death being imminent, they did not try to discuss as to how one would wish to live last days. Interestingly Kant’s moral philosophy is a case in point as he asserts that people rationalize their actions according to what they deem as morally good (Schneewind, 1990). Hence, under the circumstances, it seems that doctors under medical oath, deemed it morally right to talk about death when it could be prolonged. The article has carried lot of research and shows that as against ordinary medicine’s goal of extending life, hospice and other palliative care hugely help terminally ill patients to have quality life that is cherished by family and facilitates peaceful death. Most importantly, the family and carers have less cases of depression after the death of the dear ones when they die in the hospital’s intensive care unit, burdened with technol ogy driven aids and devices. The Hospice makes effort to reduce pain at the last stages but just try to ensure that they have ‘fullest possible lives’ with their family and friends. As author asserts that death only comes once, hence, dignity in death must be observed or discussed with family and

Geopolitical context Essay Example for Free

Geopolitical context Essay Syriana (2005) was directed by Stephen Gaghan and was produced by George Clooney, who also starred in it. The film, loosely adapted from Robert Baers memoir, See No Evil, is a thriller which focuses on contemporary themes and is highly relevant in todays geopolitical context. It tells four parallel stories, and the audience is taken on a lightning-paced, often confusing ride from Texas to Washington D. C. to Switzerland to Spain to the Middle East. This places it into the genre of hyperlink cinema, where storylines and characters interact subtly and events in one storyline have a distinct effect on other story lines, but the characters are not aware of this fully. Gaghans Syriana is similar in treatment to the documentary feel of Steven Soderberghs Traffic, which was written by Gaghan. While the latter had drug trade exposure as its main theme, both used interlocking stories to take the viewer on a spell-binding ride, which keeps throwing curves till the very end. The ensemble films central theme is petroleum politics and the widespread influence of the oil industry. Key plotlines focus on the political, economic, legal and social ramifications of this industry on CIA agent Bob Barnes (George Clooney) who is highly experienced in the Middle East but his stellar reputation is tainted by his failure in a mission involving missiles in Beirut, an energy analyst Bryan Woodman (Matt Damon) who is a friend of the Persian Gulf Prince Nasir Al-Subaai but suffers owing to this association, a lawyer in Washington Bennett Holiday (Jeffrey Wright) who is investigating the merger of two oil companies and Wasim Khan (Mazhar Munir), a Pakistani immigrant working for an oil company in an Arab country, which later fires him. The acting is top-notch and there is not a trace of bad acting in this movie. Clooney plays a man who has been exhausted by the CIAs war on Middle East terrorism, who on one hand is trying hard to get his son through college, and on the other has the power to order the assassination of the Persian Gulf Price because he chose China over the U. S. in an oil transaction. His acting has a hypnotic quality to it which stays with the viewer even after the final credits are rolled. Matt Damon also gives a brilliant performance who, much to his wifes horror, is perfectly willing to exploit the accidental death of his son in the Princes house for his own benefit. Tim Blake Nelson who plays Danny Dalton, the right-hand man of the executive at one of the oil companies involved in the merger, must also be mentioned for his amazing timing in the scene where he extols the safe and warm qualities of corruption. Syriana falls short of being a great movie, and ranks somewhere above average on the quality scale. The screen play is gripping, the dialogue sharp and the debates all those which gained relevance in the post 9/11 environment and stay so till now. The movie succeeds at telling its viewers how they should stop trying to understand the oil industry, because the real story is so complex it might not even be properly grasped by oil company executives, Arab monarchy, CIA agents or energy brokers anywhere in the world. The screenplay and direction both reflect a certain intelligence and the quality of research is impeccable. There are a number of individual scenes which contain an almost fierce power and energy in them, but they dont thread together the movie as a whole. The problem I faced with Syriana was that while I was spellbound throughout the duration of the movie, the various intermingled storylines confused me and I felt this happen more so because the characters in the movie itself are confused by the events around them and do not know exactly what kind of situations theyre involved in. The confusion of characters might have been written in the script, but in this particular case, it got passed on to the audience as well, which was in most probability, not the intention of the director. Another issue with the multifaceted stories were that some characters and plotlines were more developed and interesting, such as those of Matt Damon and George Clooney, while others, such as Jeffery Wrights could not impress, even with Wrights brilliant potential, simply because he just got about twenty minutes of screentime. Hence, while parts of the movie were good, they did not add up to a rewarding whole. Syriana is similar to Traffic in its aesthetic appeal: it has not been shot in a studio, rather to ensure the believability of the movie, production took place all around the globe to capture the true essence of the stunning landscapes and inimitable societies it would be depicting. The entire movie has been shot using a pair of hand-held cameras, which give the film its unique quasi-documentary feel and helps in providing context for some of the issues discussed in the movie. The movie is worth the two hours spent watching it, however, one ends up feeling that it was too ambitious a project where the execution could not deliver all that it was expected to. Nevertheless, Gaghans effort is commendable and the narrative of the oil industry is definitely eye-opening. His approach of not explaining everything and leaving the viewer to decide the right and wrong of it makes this movie a tough nut: gripping, complex, confusing and yet fascinating till the end.

Victorian Maternity Essay -- Victorian Era

Victorian Maternity Working Class Maternity According to author Helena Wojtczak, â€Å"the average working class wife was either pregnant or breast-feeding from wedding day to menopause,† bearing approximately eight pregnancies, and ultimately raising approximately five children. This overflow of offspring was most likely linked to the fact that birth control literature was illegal at the time (Wojtczak). Wohl’s research of the difficulties in Victorian childbirth shows that a combination of a nutrient deficient diet, and a substantial deficiency of both height and weight prevalent in urban working class Victorian women very likely contributed to an exceedingly high number of premature births, and consequently, a high infant mortality rate. Also, working class women were expected to continue working throughout their entire pregnancy. Examples of this prejudice can be found in Victorian articles such as â€Å"The Rearing and Management of Children: Mother and Baby† in Cassells Household Guide. The article s tates that, â€Å"He who placed one woman in a position where labour and exertion are parts of her existence, gives her a stronger state of body than her more luxurious sisters. To one inured to toil from childhood, ordinary work is merely exercise, and, as such, necessary to keep up her physical powers, though extra work should be, of course, avoided as much as possible.† In reference to pregnancy outside of marriage, Wojtczak notes that it was notably common for a working class woman to become pregnant out of wedlock, and due to the social stigma involved, and the possibility of unemployment, these women often chose to conceal their pregnancy. Middle Class Maternity By the mid nineteenth century, Abrams states that Victorian middle cl... ...ther and Baby.† Cassells Household Guide, New and Revised Edition. C.1880s [no date]. Victorian London. Lee Jackson, Ed. Vol. I. Pg. 10. 8 November 2004 . Wohl, Anthony S. â€Å"Women and Victorian Public Health: Difficulties in Childbirth.† The Victorian Web: Literature, History and Culture in the Age of Victoria. George P. Landlow. 29 June 2002. National University at Singapore. 8 November 2004. . Wojtczak, Helena. â€Å"Pregnancy and Childbirth.† English Social History: Women of Nineteenth-Century Hastings and St.Leonards. An Illustrated Historical Miscellany. The Hastings Press. The Victorian Web: Literature, History, and Culture in the age of Victoria. George P. Landlow. National University at Singapore. 8 November 2004

language :: essays research papers

What is the Language of Thought Hypothesis? LOTH is an empirical thesis about the nature of thought and thinking. According to LOTH, thought and thinking are done in a mental language, i.e. in a symbolic system physically realized in the brain of the relevant organisms. In formulating LOTH, philosophers have in mind primarily the variety of thoughts known as ‘propositional attitudes’. Propositional attitudes are the thoughts described by such sentence forms as ‘S believes that P’, ‘S hopes that P’, ‘S desires that P’, etc., where ‘S’ refers to the subject of the attitude, ‘P’ is any sentence, and ‘that P’ refers to the proposition that is the object of the attitude. If we let ‘A’ stand for such attitude verbs as ‘believe’, ‘desire’, ‘hope’, ‘intend’, ‘think’, etc., then the propositional attitude statements all have the form: S As that P. LOTH can now be formulated more exactly as a hypothesis about the nature of propositional attitudes. It can be characterized as the conjunction of the following three theses (A), (B) and (C): (A) Representational Theory of Mind (RTM): (cf. Field 1978: 37, Fodor 1987: 17) (1) Representational Theory of Thought: For each propositional attitude A, there is a unique and distinct (i.e. dedicated)[1] psychological relation R, and for all propositions P and subjects S, S As that P if and only if there is a mental representation #P# such that (a) S bears R to #P#, and (b) #P# means that P. (2) Representational Theory of Thinking: Mental processes, thinking in particular, consists of causal sequences of tokenings of mental representations. (B) Mental representations, which, as per (A1), constitute the direct "objects" of propositional attitudes, belong to a representational or symbolic system which is such that (cf. Fodor and Pylyshyn 1988:12-3) (1) representations of the system have a combinatorial syntax and semantics: structurally complex (molecular) representations are systematically built up out of structurally simple (atomic) constituents, and the semantic content of a molecular representation is a function of the semantic content of its atomic constituents together with its syntactic/formal structure, and (2) the operations on representations (constituting, as per (A2), the domain of mental processes, thinking) are causally sensitive to the syntactic/formal structure of representations defined by this combinatorial syntax. (C) Functionalist Materialism. Mental representations so characterized are, at some suitable level, functionally characterizable entities that are realized by the physical properties of the subject having

Impact of bollywod on society

Movies have been the source of entertainment from time unmemorable. This is considered as a family bonding time these days. Few enjoy watching movies at home as a family to save economy, and some people Like going to theatres as a family calling it a day to relax and having fun. In both ways movies are tools of relaxation. Is this the case or movies are tools that instigates violence, differences in societies, bring out sexual indecency in the very living room of houses?Allegorical stories, novels and movies can cause a huge revival and Inculcate revolutionary thoughts If the correct message Is conveyed In a right fashion and with implicitly that the uneducated and educated can be enlightened alike. Allegorical movies can help tremendously to make the point across. Most of the Indian movies have some theme and moral they have to convey to the public. They bring awareness to the people what in going on in the world. Not everyone is educated and this media Is a powerful tool to bring t o light things happening so that even the uneducated In a remote village knows about everything.Some movies talk about the social justice being denied to the poor, talking about the racial and caste rejoice people face everyday in life all around the world. Some historical movies bring to life the ancient history that is slowly fading away bringing out the beauty of the culture of different civilizations of the past. There are movies that talk about the evils Like child marriages, women being abused and treated badly by the male dominating world. He corruption In the government and higher authorities, the cover up of the companies not to let the public know about the inferior quality of their products or how they pollute the environment and the autocratic nature of the landlords. There are times when there was a huge revolution happening because the public started thinking and this big screen has huge Impact on how people voted In the elections also. Evils Like child sex traffic Is beautifully brought out along with the old practices and taboos of the societies that still exist in a country that talks about technology and growth.We come to know about the murders happening because of the dowry system, how women are abused at workplace, how there are child abuse in houses that are respected in society saying Just because people live in marble houses, soonest mean they do not have same struggles Like others do. How love is treated as crime in a culture where men and women are not allowed to talk and how this evil brings a male dominant society to always have a winning shot, while women have to stay submissive even if beaten up.How arranged marriages to strangers can cause pains and how adjustment in new place is a Herculean task and how a woman shows her strength to build her and her family with patience and love all these are shown delicately and powerfully saying being a house wife Is also a full UT how a man Juggles between his Job, and his family life and so me times how his sacrifices goes unnoticed all are shown in Indian movies impregnated with morals and principles. Thus movies bring out delicate things that are happening in the lives of people in a very artistic way.This is truth that many are fans of these heroes and heroines and every punch dialogues and message they send out becomes a Veda for the layman. Keeping this in mind if people make movies that channel these lives that look unto these artists as role models, there is sure to come a dramatic changes in their lives ND how they will face the world with goodness and positive attitudes. These movies can easily make or easily break the lives of those who are fascinated by movies and not take it as entertainment.Some movies also bring out the evils of terrorism, how a nation should stay strong and united and how hard work is always the essence of progress. ‘Evil never wins' is the theme in most of them. ?But it can also cause imitation of the violence and the thwarted min d can follow a movie and do the same evil to the society. What we say and what we try to convey should not drive them to take weapons but should make hem see that evil dies and those who take a weapon will die of that for sure.Of course it would not be complete if I do not mention about some movies that are produced for commercial purposes having some sexual content to it, fascinating dream and stunt scenes adding flavor to the movie, but still the themes could definitely convey a message holding some moral lesson. Revealing body and scanty clothing does not help the confused adolescent to keep calm, every one would have felt this way at one point of time, nothing to feel ashamed of this.But when these reportage the child to explore things, which he is not supposed to makes things more and more detrimental. It should also kept in mind, how movies are made and not include sexual content in movies that is family type ones. Unwanted double meaning dialogues and unwanted contents should be avoided no matter how much commerce it brings to the bank. I do believe if we use this powerful and double-edged tool correctly it would always be a great source of enlightenment and empowerment and many good messages can be sent to the world that would make the society a better one.

Wonder Woman

Wonder woman is one of the greatest superheroes of all time. She was conceived as a symbol of loving femininity that would dominate the male instincts towards war and destruction; she does this through empowerment. Wonder Woman acts as a very condensed version of Charles Moulton, the creator of Wonder Woman, theories on gender and the urges of men and woman. Although misrepresenting his own theory of the humanity for men and women, Wonder Woman is the perfect allegory to Moulton’s idea that men can only be forceful and aggressive, while women are capable of both force and love. Women represent love; men represent force. Man’s use of force without love brings evil and unhappiness. Wonder Woman proves that women are superior to men because they have love as an additional force† (Steinem 345). In the Wonder Woman comic book, as a reminder of what they were put through and why they were made, all Amazons must wear bracelets that resemble the shackles they were once th reatened with. Most young boys do not possess the empathy needed to put themself in the mind of an Amazon princess.For the ones who do, are often ridiculed for having an egalitarian worldview about men and women. â€Å"No wonder I was inspired and confused by the isolationism of Paradise Island: Did woman have to live separately in order to be happy and courageous? No wonder even boys who could accept equality might have felt less than good about themselves in some of these stories: Were there any men who could escape the cultural instruction to be violent? , Steinem stated showing her empathy for young boys. This just goes to show that no matter how against the grain one may be for their time, some parts of the culture, especially in regards to gender roles, gets drilled into your head. Ignoring all of the controversy on the situation, males should be able to form their own conclusions about equality in American society today without conviction and travesty from others.

Employment: Education and Students

1. Describe the skills or attributes you believe are necessary to be outstanding when working in student support services. You have to be able to relate and understand with the students on a positive level to reach an optimal outcome from any situation. Hillside Academy taught me when dealing with students with special needs it's best to go for an approach where you can talk with them one on one and get a better understanding as to how they are thinking, what would be the best possible outcome and what is the best solution to the problem without a non-violence approach.Students what to know they have the support of an adult faulty member with whom they can trust and build a positive solid relationship with and I think all these key factors help to create an outstanding student support service. 2. Please identify and describe any significant differences you would promote in a school which a majority of the students are African-American and Hispanic/Latino.I would promote a program whe re African Americans and Hispanic/Latino both have the opportunity to learn about each others cultures so that the students have a better understanding of each other and point out the similarities in each culture so that the students can come together as one. I feel as though the two cultures don't fully understand each other as a whole and that creates a cultural clash. I would be fully interesting in creating a positive environment with the schools staff and resources to provide a common ground that will create stable relationships amongst the students and faulty members.Throughout my years of employment working with the youth and previous staff members I have learned to be a good listener, a great problem solver in the most chaotic and worst situations, a positive team player and most importantly a compassionate and understanding person. I am enthusiastic about applying my skills which I have acquired through previous experience and I look forward to being apart of the team to ma ke an influential difference in the Proviso Township High Schools. . How would you address a wide range of skills in your classroom?Dupage school A lot of planning. The easiest thing to do is pull small groups. If your school uses 3 group rotation it is easy to implement. If your school uses another method of instruction you can pull groups during any independent work time. When some students are completing an independent assignment you pull another group to work with you (on that same activity or anther lesson all together. ) When the students need to complete the same activity you can differentiate by setting different goals for different students.In writing assignments you can alter the number of sentences that need to be written, how much sentences need to be extended, or how many details need to be included. Some students may edit on their own, some with a partner, or some in a small group with you. For reading assignments you may need to give different leveled books to differe nt kids. You can find many books on the same topic at different levels. Most times your teacher manual will list alternative book options for more advanced or struggling readers.For reading assignments that all students need to complete try choral, echo, or partner reading for those who need it. Math is the easiest to differentiate. Some kids can use manipulative and some might be able to use mental math. Additionally, you can do an introduction and guided practice to the whole class. Whoever can complete the independent assignment on their own can do that and you can pull a small group for those students who still need guided practice or more scaffolding.

US constitution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

US constitution - Essay Example Moreover, the articles established the rules for functions of the U.S confederation, which was proficient of resolving problems concerning the western territories, negotiating for political agreements and making the Revolutionary War. It also established a weak national government and provided too much power to the state government, which prevented the individual states from performing their own foreign diplomacy (Ginsberg et-al 51). Although the Articles of Confederations served significant roles during the Revolutionary War, when the state won victory, the federalists felt that the articles lacked significant necessities for a successful government; thus a federation was required in order to restore the coalition. It was criticized by a group of reforms that the articles favored the powerful central state in which the government lacked taxing power. The federalists wanted the state government to enforce the same tariffs, offer land grants and assume roles for unpaid state war debts (Ginsberg et-al 62). However, the anti-federalists opposed the articles by arguing that the limits on the government power were imperative. The Articles of Confederation reveals a system of government whereby the state was given more power than the nation which had very weak power. However, these powers were totally different from the government, which was under the control of emperor. The founding fathers of the articles saw that this government system made the nation too weak; thus they decided to implement or establish a new reformed government system. Therefore, they came up with a new constitution document which was meant to replace the articles of confederation (Miller 35). It is through the constitution document that a stronger national government was formed. This...The Article of Confederation was an agreement made by the thirteen founding states, which established the U.S as confederation of the sovereignty states. The Article of Confederation and the Constitution reflecte d diverse visions for supremacy or control in the new United States. It offered domestic and international supremacy powers for the congress to direct the states in varied aspects including the American Revolutionary War, dealing with territorial problems and conducting diplomacy with European nations. However, the flawless of the state government, which was established by the Article of Confederations, became a subject of concern for main autonomists. The Article of Confederation, which was the first constitution of the U.S, is an article that reflected varied visions and functions for the control of the new United States. Under this article, the states retained autonomy over all administration functions not particularly surrendering to the central government but maintaining its power in the state. In conclusion, the Articles of Confederation influenced the development of state power control but it had diverse flawlessness including lack of executive and national court system.